Career in Ceramic Engineering

Ceramic Engineering is the science and technology of manufacturing and usage of ceramic materials from inorganic, non-metallic materials. Many engineering applications benefit from ceramics characteristics as a material. The characteristics of ceramics have garnered attention from engineers across the world, including those in the fields: Electrical Engineering, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and many others.

Ceramics, in addition to being a fine art, also requires a thorough working knowledge of certain materials. Whether we need to design a new office building, or a vase for our bedroom, we need a ceramic engineer. Someone has to figure out our creative designs into a reality and here walks in the engineer. A ceramicist joins ceramics and engineering and helps us to create new and more interesting works with new materials, which we cant, even dream of.

Course Overview:

Ceramic Engineering students study of  Ceramic materials, their behavior, application, and use. They develop methods for processing nonmetallic inorganic materials into many ceramic products ranging from glassware, fiber optics products, cement, and bricks, to coatings for space vehicles, materials for microelectronics, components of nuclear fuel, and pollution control devices. Recent advances in physics and chemistry have expanded the applications of ceramic engineering.

Diploma courses:

For a diploma in engineering, one must clear the 10th Std. board exam successfully with at least 50% marks. Various polytechnic colleges offer diploma in various disciplines of engineering.

BE/B.Tech:

To be eligible for bachelor's degree course i.e. B.E or B.BTech, one must clear the 12th std. board exam with at least 50% marks(60% for IITs) in the science stream with Physics, Chemistry and Maths as compulsory subjects.

Aspirant also have to appear for the state level entrance examination (EAMCET -Engineering Agriculture and Medical Common Entrance Test ) conducted by APSCHE

National Level Entraces:

·         IITJEE: For admission to the Institutes of Technology’s (IITs)

·         AIEEE: For admission to the National Institutes of Technology ‘s

·         Institutes such as the Birla Institute of Technology, Pilani, Rajasthan, and at Ranchi; Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal; the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, among others, also conduct separate entrance examinations

Higher education

Masters course:

For a master's level course, one must complete the bachelor's degree program successfully. After graduating students can do postgraduate studies ie M.E or M.Tech.

Students also need to appear for various entrance exams like GATE, BIT Higher Education test etc, Candidates are allowed to pursue further studies only in the stream where they specialized in the qualifying exam

Specialization

·         Ceramic Engineers often specialize in one or more products:

·         White wares these are porcelain and china dinnerware or high voltage electrical insulators

·         Structural materials these are brick, tile, and turbine blades,

·         Electronic ceramics are magnetics, memory systems, and microwave devices), protective

·         Refractory coatings for metals, glass products, abrasives, and fuel elements for nuclear energy.

·         One of the top priority projects of Ceramic Engineers is the development of a ceramic engine which would replace the present diesel, gasoline and turbo engines.

What They Learn?

·         Ceramic Engineers experienced in both scientific and production aspects of the profession may also work as administrators, project supervisors, sales engineers or technical consultants to firms using ceramic materials.

·         Many Ceramic Engineers work in the nuclear field, as ceramic fuel materials make nuclear power generation possible.

·         The electronics industry is a growth area for this technology, as ceramics are used as insulators for transistors and integrated circuits.

·         Refractory ceramics are required in the refining of iron and aluminum, and this industry is especially in need of this type of worker.

Skills required:

·         Good communication skills

·         Keen analytical ability

·         Problem solving skills

Pay Scale:

Salaries vary depending on the education and experience of the ceramic engineer, the location, and the type of job. Fresher's can get a starting salary of Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 25,000 per month excluding other allowances.

Colleges, Institutions  offering Ceramic engineering:

·         College of Ceramic Technology, Kolkata

·         National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

·         Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University (BHU-IT)

·         West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata

·         Banaras Hindu University,  Varanasi

·         Anna University , Chennai

·         AU college of engg. Visakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam

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Choosing your career

Options at 16+

Your options on leaving school or college

You have finished year 11 - so what is next? You are now faced with important choices that will shape your future, so you need to think about your options carefully. The more information you have, the better the decision you will make for you and the future.

What are the options?

• Continuing your general education at school or college
• Taking a vocational course - training for a specific job or area of work
• Starting a work-based training course (e.g. a Modern Apprenticeship)
• Finding a job (with or without training)
• Self-employment
• Voluntary work

Which option will be the best match for the kind of things you are good at and the activities you enjoy? If you already have an idea of the type of work you are interested in, you will need to think about how your interests and abilities relate to this area of work. Research the opportunities available on the internet - what are your prospects? Where could each option take you? If possible, arrange some relevant work experience or voluntary work. This will show you are interested and could give you an advantage of others applying for the job.
Making these choices can seem a daunting prospect, but getting some good careers advice will make the process a lot easier. Speak to your careers advisor at school, subject teachers, family, friends, or local careers office. If you know people who are studying /doing the job you are interested in, then ask them what it is like and get advice on getting started.

Options at 18+

Having completed your 'A' level qualifications, you could find yourself at a crossroads again. Choices at this stage are even more important to your future career, so take some time to really think about your decision. Your main options are:

• higher education
• vocational training
• self-employment
• a gap year
• employment with or without training

Speak to your careers advisor, subject teachers, family, friends, or local careers office for information and advice to help make the right choice for you.

Higher education: Degree courses

There are lots of undergraduate degree courses available. Some degrees are academic while others take a more practical and vocational approach. If there is a subject you are passionate about this is a great chance for you to study it in more depth. However, you also need to think about what you want to do once you graduate - if you have a specific career in mind that may determine which courses you can consider. Make sure the course gives you the qualification you need and is approved by the relevant professional bodies.

• How long will a degree course take? Most undergraduate degrees in England and Wales last for three years, though some of the vocational based courses and language degrees do take four or more, with a sandwich year to put skills into practice. Scottish degree courses generally last for four years.
• What is a sandwich course? Some degrees include an industrial placement or a year abroad. These are called sandwich courses and tend to be in the more vocational subjects (such as Engineering) or in language subjects.
• What are the entry requirements? Entry requirements vary for different courses at different universities and colleges - have a look on the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) website for more information (see Further Information).
• How do you apply? Application is by the UCAS application form. This can be ordered over the internet or you can apply through your school or college. Deadlines for applications vary for different courses and institutions - so make sure you check on the UCAS website and send off your application in plenty of time.

There are some important benefits to going on to higher education:

• research shows that graduates generally earn more than those who have not got a degree
• gaining a degree qualification can improve your chances of getting the job you really want
• you will find a wide range of activities, clubs and societies on offer at most universities and colleges - it is a great opportunity to meet new people and enjoy other hobbies while studying something you are really interested in
• you will have much more say about the direction your learning takes than you have had before.

Foundation Degrees

Foundation degrees combine academic study with workplace learning. They are vocationally-based and you will spend some time working in business or industry. A full-time course usually takes two years and the qualification you gain is roughly equivalent to the first two years of a bachelors degree. They are offered by universities in partnership with higher education colleges and further education colleges. Taking a Foundation Degree could lead you on to higher education or straight in to a job.

Making Career Choices

Deciding on a career path and finding a suitable job can be a daunting task. You will need to ask yourself questions such as: what do I want to do? How do I know if a job is going to be right for me? Where do I start looking?
This guide will show you how to go about selecting the right career for you, where to start looking for jobs, and techniques to help you secure the job that you want.
The task of finding a career will seem a lot less overwhelming if you have a structured and methodical approach.

Self-analysis

It might sound a bit clichéd, but the first step is to get to know yourself really well. You need to stand back and take a good look at yourself before making any decisions about your future.
Start by making a list of the following:

• your achievements
• your interests
• your abilities

Your achievements

While your formal qualifications are important, do not overlook your other achievements. They could play a key part in determining the right type of job for you. For example, you may have certificates, such as a Duke of Edinburgh award or a driving licence, or times you have worked well in a team or under pressure, being captain of a sports team, your position or involvement in clubs or societies.

Your interests

A job does not just have to be a source of income - it can be something you genuinely find motivating and interesting. So take some time to think about what you enjoy most in life and what gives you a feeling of satisfaction. Do you enjoy socialising and being with or helping people? Do you prefer problem-solving or pulling things apart to see how they work? Are you the creative type? Do you enjoy writing stories or poetry or designing clothes? What compliments or criticism do you get from people who know you well? What are you good at? Make a list of all of these things to help structure what it is you are looking for in a job.

Your abilities

The more often you do something, the better you will become. You are more likely to do things you enjoy regularly; your interests and abilities will often overlap. Note next to your interests what skills/abilities are involved. Your list may include some of the following:

• solving problems
• artistic flair
• creative imagination
• involvement in outdoor pursuits
• using computers
• helping people
• working with numbers
• carrying out practical tasks
• working with others in a team
• leading a team
• performing scientific tasks/experiments
• listening to problems
• responding well to competition or a challenge

The list will highlight your skills that could be useful in a job. Employers will mention required skills on job descriptions, even if they are not described in the same way that you think of them. For example:

• good interpersonal skills - you work well with people and respond to the needs of others
• communication skills - you express yourself clearly and concisely
• good organisational skills
• IT-literate - you can use a computer to carry out tasks
• logic and reasoning skills - you are good at problem-solving
• numerate - you can work with numbers
• initiative - you can think through a problem independently

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20 Diploma courses that get you a job

A host of certifications provide you a set of actionable skills that could immediately land you in a job.
RUPA Bagnani, is a happy person. This twenty-year-old did a course on educational technology from MP Bhoj University and even while pursuing the course interned with a small e-learning firm at Indore. Now she works for an American content generating firm, developing educational videos for American schools. “I am making about 25 K per month she says. Welcome to the world of job-oriented diplomas where the end of the course not only leads to a certificate or credential, it also is a doorstep to a budding career.

For too long, education in India has been demarcated into two distinct streams, academic and vocational. The vocational programmes were never integrated with higher education and an almost puritanical attitude towards higher education was on display. Thankfully this attitude is changing.

Many students now look forward to pursuing a course that would get them a job, and are not too worried if it is a degree or not. Many do not even bother to check if it is approved or not. The stupendous success of NIIT/ Aptech is a case in point. Here we profile 20 diplomas that are in the same mould. They provide marketable skills.

PG Diploma in Preventive & Promotive Healthcare

University: Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Open University

Duration: 1 year

Fees: Rs. 17,000/-

Eligibility: Any graduation

Address: Prof. G.Ram Reddy Marg, Road No. 46, Jubilee Hills,
Hyderabad - 500033, Andhra Pradesh

Website: www.braou.ac.in

The Post Graduate Diploma in Preventive & Promotive Health Care imparts the essential knowledge to combat and manage the scourge of modern day lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, depression, cardiac ailments and cancer which account for 80% of the world’s medicare costs. It equips doctors and health professionals to conduct lifestyle modification programmes in hospitals and corporate houses.

The course covers Health & disease management, Disease Management, Cardiac Care, Cancer Risk Factors Management, Health, Psychology and Stress Management, Nutrition and Dietetics, Exercise Health and Lifestyle Assessment. The applicant must be a graduate in Medicine/ Psychology/ Bio-Sciences/ Alternative Medicine/ Nutrition or Physiotherapy.

Diploma in Paithani Handicraft & Modern Garments

University: Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University

Duration: 1 year

Fees: Rs. 20,300/-

Eligibility: Class 10th

Address: Dnyangangotri, Near Gangapur Dam, Nashik - 422222 

Website: www.ycmou.digitaluniversity.ac

Paithani weaving is the traditional hallmark of various localities in Maharashtra. Diploma in Paithani Handicraft & Modern Garments is a training programme created by Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University to systematically preserve and develop this art. The course is for one year and the various topics covered include: Silk work and Paithani Weaving assistance, Paithani Handicraft Theory and Paithani Handicraft and Modern Garment Design.

The instruction medium is bilingual with Marathi being the predominant language. The State government is supporting the craftsmen and has started a small-scale industry to engage all the private craftsmen who were finding it difficult to continue their traditional art and help them establish.

 
Yuvodaya 
Offered by: Met Life Insurance and Delhi University

Duration: 3 months

Fee: Rs. 5,000

Eligibility: Insurance agents, graduates

Address: Acharya Narendra Dev College,  (University of Delhi), Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019

Website: www.andcollege.du.ac.in

In order to improve employability skills, University of Delhi and Met Life India Insurance have tied up to offer an Add-on course - Insurance Training and Career Opportunity along with their graduate programmes. The programme is conducted over nine weeks of study followed by one month of on-job training. The course ends with an evaluation and students performing well can hope to be placed in MetLife.

The programme will offer education and training in insurance sales practices, products, legal and regulatory aspects. The course, besides dealing with Life Insurance, also has aspects like transition from Campus to Corporate (Grooming and Communication skills). Post the successful completion of the course, the students will be awarded a joint, University of Delhi - MetLife certificate. Acharya Narendra Dev College is the only college in the University offering this module.

 

PG Diploma in Archives Keeping

University: Annamalai University

Duration: 1 year

Fees: Rs. 300/-

Eligibility: A pass in M.A. degree with History or Archaeology

Address: Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Website: www.annamalaiuniversity.ac.in

Annamalai University, Directorate of Distance Education (DDE) offers a job-oriented course in Archives Keeping. The main objective of the programme is to understand the principles and methods of description of archival materials according to standards adopted by the archival community in India and abroad. It also familiarises with various perspectives concerning the nature and purpose of archival description.

It is a one year course and candidates need to have a postgraduate degree in History or Archaeology. After completion students can find employment as Lecturers, Archivists, Information Managers, Librarians, Public Relations officer and Records Managers in conservation, reprography and other related fields of Archival Science. 

Certification in Finance and Accounts Offered by NIIT Uniqua in association
with Genpact

Duration: 4 weeks

Fee: Rs 10,150/-

Eligibility: BCom

Website: www.niituniqua.com

To addresses demand for skilled workers in industry. NIIT Uniqua has tied up with Genpact to offer a month-long certification course in Finance and Accounts. The training curriculum is designed to provide students with a sound knowledge of business processes, basic voice training, followed by a specialisation in advanced voice training and basic finance leading to Certificate in Finance and Accounting (CFA).

This program enables the students to understand the terminologies, nuances and working of the finance & accounts outsourced services and hence the time taken by them to become productive will be minimised and limited to understanding the process specific requirements and tools. The training will follow an Instructor-led Delivery mode with conceptual delivery being strengthened with application-based demos, ERP simulations, exercises and practice sessions. It builds specialisation in this domain which will help one adapt faster to the job requirements. 

Course: Diploma in Education Technology (DET)

University: MP Bhoj University

Duration: 1 year

Fee: Rs. 6,900/-

Eligibility: 10+2

Address: Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Kolar Road, Bhopal-462016

Website: www.bhojvirtualuniversity.com

This programme is offered by MP Bhoj University aims to produce teachers who are technology enabled. The course offers an introduction to multimedia integration in educational settings. It is for teachers/ educators who wish to learn how to integrate multimedia content into their present teaching practices and use information and communication technologies for imparting education.

The programme includes MS-Office training, usage of Multimedia and Graphics Tools and a project work which gets spread over a period of one year minimum and can be completed in 3 years maximum.

Systematic Training and education

Offered by: Oberoi Group

Duration: 3 years

Fee: No fees, stipend of Rs. 3,500

Eligibility: 10+2

Website: www.oberoigroup.com

STEP is an opportunity for students to participate in a three-year programme that offers practical training at a hotel of The Oberoi Group. This training involves the four core operational departments in a hotel: Front Office, Housekeeping, Food and Beverage Service and Kitchen.

The Kitchen Operations Programme involves training in Western and Indian kitchens and specialist operations such as bakery, pastry and cold kitchen.

In addition to practical training in a hotel of The Oberoi Group, the students are enrolled for a Bachelor’s Degree in Tourism Studies (BTS) from IGNOU.

The programme is currently being hosted by: The Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra; The Oberoi Bangalore, The Oberoi Cecil, Shimla; The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur; The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur; Trident Agra; Trident Chennai; Trident Cochin; Trident Gurgaon; Trident Jaipur; Trident Udaipur. A benefit of joining the STEP Programme is the preferred opportunity of a career with The Oberoi Group. On successful completion of the programme the students are awarded a Bachelor of Tourism Studies (BTS) degree from IGNOU and a certificate of Proficiency from The Oberoi Group along with an opportunity as operational assistant at their hotels

Alternatively one may seek entry into the two-year management training programme at The Oberoi Centre of Learning and Development.

PG Diploma in Instructional Design (PGDID)

University: Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning

Duration: 1 year

Fee: Rs 18,000/-

Eligibility: Graduate in any discipline, from a recognised University

Address: Symbiosis Bhavan, 1065 B, Gokhale Cross, Road, Model Colony, Pune - 411016

Website: www.scdl.net

The programme provides basic theoretical and practical skills needed to design, deliver and evaluate courseware. It aims at acquisition of professional qualification in Instructional Design and improvement of related job skills. Students explore the theories of Instructional Design through reading, viewing e-Learning modules and practical applications. The areas include management principles, educational psychology, effective communication and also includes a project work. The duration of the PGDID programme is of one year. 

PG Diploma in
Chemo-Informatics (PGDCI)

University: MP Bhoj University

Duration: 1 year

Fee: Rs. 11,000/-

Eligibility: Graduate (Bio or Maths)

Address: Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Kolar Road, Bhopal-462016

Website: www.bhojvirtualuniversity.com/

The PGDCI offered by Bhoj University aims to create a workforce, with grounding in Chemistry and knowledge in Computer Technology, in the upcoming field of Agrochemical/Pharmachemical/Biotechnology industry. It covers various aspects on Basics of Chemo-informatics, Chemo-informatics Database Design and Management, Data Sequencing etc.

The delivery of the programme consists of print study materials, audio/video support, assignments, contact classes, library consultation, etc. Its duration is 1 year, however, the student once registered can complete it in a maximum of 3 years.

Retail Management Programme

Offered by IIJT

Duration: 12 months

Fee: Rs 35,000

Eligibility: 12th Standard with 60%

Address: 9 Elgin Road, First Floor, Kolkata

Website: www.iijt.net

IIJT started the Programme in Retail Management looking at the increasing demand for human resource in the emerging retail sector. The retail sector is emerging as one of the largest sectors in terms of its employment potential with the estimated man power requirements at over a million new positions in the coming decade. This course is of 12 months duration and aims at training students on supply chain, retail finance, soft skills and retail store operation concepts. It is meant to train individuals primarily for customer interface positions, and some of them for logistics and back-end operations. The front office functions which need persuasive skills would demand good communication skills. 

  

Diploma in Food & Beverage Services Management

University: Maharshi Dayanand University

Duration: 1 year

Fee: 21,900/-

Eligibility: Senior Secondary Examination (10+2) with at least 45% marks

Address: Directorate of Distance Education, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak- 124 001

Website: www.mdudde.net/

The Diploma in Food and Service Management is for Class XII pass outs. The course includes training on F& B services, F& B service equipment and its methods along with practical training on personal grooming, knowledge of equipment, food service methods and its terminology.

Admission to this programme is made according to merit determined on the basis of marks secured in class XII, Group discussion and Interview with weightage of 70%, 20% and 10% for the three components, respectively.

Advanced Certificate in Power Distribution Management (ACPDM)

University: IGNOU

Duration: 6 Months

Fee: Rs. 4,000

Eligibility: Engineering graduates/ Engineering Diploma holders

Address: IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110 068

Website: www.ignou.ac.in

This programme has been developed by IGNOU in collaboration with theMinistry of Power, USAID-India and the Power Finance Corporation under the Distribution Reform Upgrades and Management (DRUM) Project for professionals employed in electrical power utilities. The course aims to disseminate information about the current development and reforms in the power distribution sector, generate awareness about the applications of emerging technologies and trends in the sector and educate personnel employed in the electrical power utilities or electricity sector about various aspects of power distribution management. The areas of focus include power distribution and energy management.

Kuoni Academy IATA-UFTAA Foundation/Consultant

Institution: IATA

Eligibility: 10+2

Fees: NA

Duration: 4 - 6 months per level

Website: www.kuoniacademy.co.in

Kuoni Academy was established in 2003 and it is the education division of Kuoni Travel India Pvt. Ltd. It aims to fulfil the role of a knowledge institute, professionally developing thousands of youngsters to face the rigours of the service industry. The IATA foundation course imparts a professional with essential knowledge and skills in selling travel and tourism products and services. The duration of the course is 4 - 6 months per level and students can find jobs with leading brands in the tourism & travel sector such as Cox & Kings, Make My Trip and others.

Radio Jockeying & TV News Reading

University: Delhi University

Eligibility: 10+2

Fees: Rs. 15,000

Duration: 3 months

Website: www.rkfma.com

R. K. Films & Media Academy, Delhi in partnership with Delhi University has launched part-time certificate course in Radio Jockeying & TV News Reading for all the students pursuing various courses with the Delhi University. R.K. Academy provides its students complete practical exposure to the subjects as the trainers are drawn from the industry itself who are well versed with day-to-day working in their respective fields. They are able to train the students with on-hand working besides the essential text knowledge.

This is a job-oriented course as the Indian Media & Entertainment industry is set to grow more that 12% due to the increasing non-stop 24 hours media channels & newspapers being launching very frequently.

Indian Institute of Real Estate: Principles and Practices of Real Estate

University: NA

Eligibility: Graduate and working professionals

Fees: Rs. 12,500

Duration: 3 months

Website: www.iire.co.in

The Principles and Practices of Real Estate course offered by Indian Institute of Real Estate (IIRE) can be pursued either online or through correspondence as per the candidate’s convenience. This course educates the students about the basic concepts in the business of real estate. It also outlines the basic principles of economics that affect the real estate decision-making process and making of a management plan. The course is spread over 7 modules which have a recommended duration in days for each module. The entire 7 modules are to be preferably completed in 90 days.

In online mode: module has to be completed within 30 days from the date and time of receipt of password and start of course. After each module there will be a case study/ test and a minimum passing grade of 65% is required to proceed to the next module.

Upon successful completion of the course students can find employment at Developers, brokerage houses and finance companies. 

INSIFT SCP Institution: INSIFT

Eligibility: Computer-literate with a minimum of 6 months experience in IT and/or Storage Networking Operations.

Fees: Rs. 25,000

Duration: 3 days

Website: www.insift.com

Institute of Storage, Integration and Future Technologies (INSIFT) offers a short-term course in SCP which is a training programme that offers a platform to get you educated on the storage and backup technologies. SCP also empowers you to appear for the globally accepted vendor independent Storage Certified Professional Exam - SCP 2008, certified by the SNIA; the only organiSation in the world providing activities that expand the breadth and quality of the storage and information management market.

The main objective is to create proficient storage specialists and the certification insures that the staff has a benchmarked level of knowledge and skill. Upon completion professionals can find employment with reputed companies such as Ace data services and HCL.

Course: Diploma in Teaching English (DTE)

University: Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning

Duration: 1 year

Fee: Rs 7,000/-

Eligibility: Age 16 years and above and 12th grade pass with minimum 50% marks in English Subject.     

Address: Symbiosis Bhavan, 1065 B, Gokhale Cross, Road, Model Colony, Pune - 411016

Website: www.scdl.net

The Faculty of education is launching a programme in ‘Diploma in Teaching English’ from July 2011. This programme aims to develop proficiency in the method of teaching English and develop prospective teachers at primary and secondary school levels. Besides teaching the methodology, the programme also aims at developing reading, writing skills and Instructional Methodologies of English Language, Teaching English at Primary/ Secondary/ Higher Sec/ UG level English language vocabulary. The programme is designed to bridge the gap in theory and practice of methodology of teaching English.

Note: We have also included three degree courses beacuse of their job-oriented nature.  

Bachelor in Co-operative Management

University: Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University

Duration: 3 years

Fees: Rs. 6,000/-

Eligibility: Class 12th

Address: Dnyangangotri, Near Gangapur Dam, Nashik - 422222 

Website: www.ycmou.digitaluniversity.ac

Co-operatives play a very important role in the development of the rural hinterland as they help in alleviating poverty and are essential for the growth of rural areas of India. A co-operative manger must have complete understanding of the macro and micro economic situation of rural India and must be able to motivate the members to participate in the management of the cooperative enterprises.

The Bachelor in Co-operative Management offered by Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University is a 3-year course and prepares students for careers in management of cooperatives. It also prepares students for managerial posts and careers in rural enterprises.

Aptech N-Power BSc Degree in Hardware, Networking & Digital Communication (BSc-HNDC)

University: Karnataka State Open University (KSOU)

Eligibility: HSC/ 10+2/ 12th pass

Fees: Rs. 89,700

Duration: 3 years

Website: www.aptechnpower.com

The BSc-HNDC is an industry-oriented certification for international careers in Hardware & Networking. This course helps students become job-ready immediately after 10+2 and develop expertise in handling IT, Systems requirements & Infrastructure Management. The BSc-HNDC offers training through 22 modules including a project at the end of the course. It also includes online projects guided & monitored directly by top faculty in Aptech’s Head Office and industry visits for exposure to prevalent industrial practices. The fee for the BSc-HNDC Degree amounts to Rs. 89,700, to be paid in instalments over 3 years. Upon completion of the three year course candidates get a dual certification, a University Degree from KSOU & an Aptech Hardware and Networking Academy Certificate. Students can find jobs placement assistance offered by institute with organisations that have Hardware & Networking requirements such as Wipro BPO, Infosys BPO, Allied Digital and others.

Master of Science in Counselling and Family Therapy (MSc. CFT)

University: Indira Gandhi National Open University

Duration: 2 years

Fee: Rs. 25,000

Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree

Address: IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068

Website: www.ignou.ac.in

The MSc programme in Counselling and Family Therapy is aimed at developing professionals as there is a dearth of professional support and experts who could lend a helping hand in promoting positive family processes and help individual family members in distress in a comprehensive way.

A special feature of the programme is that it has a provision of exit point for learners (after one year) in the form of PG Diploma in Counselling and Family Therapy (PGDCFT). Candidates require a Bachelor’s degree with specialisation in subjects like Human Devt & Family Studies, Child Development, Childhood Studies or allied disciplines.

Generic Courses Courses post or during Commerce degree Irrespective of Arts, Commerce or Science Disciplines Computer Application Market Research Statistics Jewellery Design Adventure Sports Aerobic & Fitness Office Management & Secretarial Practice Counselling & Guidance Disaster Management Food & Nutrition Tourism Taxation/Tax Planning & Management Sales & Marketing Management Micro Finance & Micro Enterprise Managerial Accounting International Business Insurance & Financial Service Industrial Money Market E-Commerce & Internet Application Cost & Works Accountancy Business Management Courses post or during Arts degree Courses post or during Science Degree Tourist Guiding & Foreign Languages Advertising Journalism and Media studies Commercial Art Translation Copy Editing & Proof Reading Creative Design Yoga & Alternate Therapy Health Education Rural Development Actuarial Science Bio-informatics Sports Physiotherapy Instrumentation Food Analysis & Quality Assurance Forensic Sciences Bio Resources & Utilisation Techniques Sound Recording & Sound Reproduction Telecommunication Management Statistical Quality Control

Conclusion

Job-oriented programmes are offered at all three levels. They could be certificate programmes offered immediately after 10+2, at times even after 10th. These are primarily skill-based and have substantial practical component.

They do not demand complex understanding and are primarily geared towards providing entry-level employment to the aspirant. Many colleges use certification programme as a teaser to enable its graduates to develop an appreciation of the subject and go for further studies if interested. Diplomas, both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels are invariably of slightly longer duration , (either an year or two) and deal with knowledge and skills. Diplomas also train you for entry-level positions, but they pave the way for specialisation in the medium term.

Very few job-oriented programmes exist at the graduate level, unless they are explicitly professional programmes. This is due to the artificial division of knowledge and skills.

The fact that many new graduate-level programmes are now being developed in subjects like visual communication, media, etc is a sign that things are changing, albeit slowly. And may they change faster.

Source: Careers360

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Career in Biotechnology

Bio-Technology is the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria in industrial process. It covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Chemistry and Engineering and is also concerned with many other subjects like Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology, Soil science and Soil Conservation, Bio-statistics, Plant Physiology, Seed Technology etc. 

The applications include developing various medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, increasing productivity, improving energy production and conservation. Biotechnology's intervention in the area of animal husbandry has improved animal breeding. It also helps to improve the quality of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers. Environmental biotechnology helps for pollution control and waste management. 

The setting up of a separate Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in 1986 under the Ministry of Science and Technology gave a new boost to the development of the of modern biology and biotechnology in India.

More than 6000 biotechnologists of higher skill are required, the department of Biotechnology (DBT) has highlighted the need to set up a regulatory body for the maintenance of standard education under the name of 'All- India Board of Biotechnology Education and Training' under the AICTE. 

Branches and Application of Biotechnology

Today, Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary activity involving, chemists, biologists, engineers and many other specialists. It scope is enormous. There are sophisticated new drugs produced in the milk of transgenic sheep, microbial cocktails that can clean up contaminated land transgenic plants and fish that yield more food or resist disease - and hundreds of different micro-organism able to produce fermentation products such as amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics.

It is playing a major role in serving the mankind. Be it in forms of improved plant varieties or developing vaccines. It is widely used in food industry, enabling cattle to grow faster and produce new enzymes and making cheese. Some of the prominent areas of its application are given below:

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Career in Electronics and communication engineering

Electronics and communication engineers design, develop, and supervise the production of electronics devices such as GPS devices, CD players, televisions, or communication devices. Electronics engineers may work on devices utilizing computers, but do not have the same specialties as computer hardware engineers. Electronics engineers also specialize in signal processing, control systems, and communications. Some engineers could specialize in a specific area, such as aviation electronics.

Before mobile phones and internet came into existence, the mode of communication had been via messengers. Messengers existed in different forms pigeons, people, smoke signals etc.

Coming to 21st century and you would find people using all kinds of wireless devices to communicate. So, ever wondered how your 12.9mm cell phone catches signals at the remotest areas. Well, it’s all the work of communication engineers.

What is Electronics & Communication Engineering?

Society relies on Electronics & Communication Engineering for breakthroughs in applications such as satellites, next generation mobile phones, air-traffic control, the Internet etc.

Communication systems are designed by communication engineers. Early inventors in the field include Elisha Gray, Guglielmo Marconi and John Logie Baird. In recent times, optical fibre has radically improved the bandwidth available for intercontinental communication, facilitating a faster and richer Internet experience. And, digital television has eliminated effects such as snowy pictures and ghosting. Communication remains an important part of world economy. The industry’s revenue is placed at just under 3 percent of the gross world product.

What are Functions of Electronics & Communication Engineer?

Typically, an Electronics & Communication Engineer will perform following work:

• Manage engineering team
• Design the communications equipment including modems, switches, routers and radio links
• Develop real-time computer systems, including embedded computer systems and their software.
• Build and test prototypes of new equipment including integrated circuit components.
• Predict communication systems performance
• Optimize the performance of communications systems
• Provide technical support to marketing or customer service staff and communications technicians.
• Train technical and engineering staff for new system installed.
• Supervise special research projects on next generation communication systems.

What to study in Electronics & Communication Engineering?

At the initial level, students concentrate on core units for electrical engineering: mathematics, physics, electrical and computer systems engineering, digital logic systems, computer organization and programming.
Later on the study includes communications, information transmission, electromagnetic theory, signals and systems, electronics and control systems, engineering management, communications electives and group and individual projects. 

Throughout the course, students choose from a range of electives, including Image Processing, Data Compression and Encryption, Radar Engineering, Microwave Integrated Circuits, Simulation of Communications Systems, Optical Networks, Wireless Networks, Internet Communication Engineering, Microwave Amplifiers and Oscillator Design, Communication Network Management.

They learn about the planning and design, commissioning, performance monitoring, optimization and management of both small scale and complex communications systems.

Career in Electronics and Communication Engineering

Employment opportunities for Electronics and Communication Engineers are growing rapidly. The list of employers includes manufacturers of radio, television, audio/visual, broadcasting and receiving equipments, hardware and associated software including computer systems, interfaces, security devices, data concentration, data transmission, signaling, satellite and radio communications and telephone equipment. Graduate also work in service organizations that provide broadcasting, consulting, data communications, entertainment, custom manufacturing, research and development, and system support.

Multimedia services are establishing employment opportunities not dreamed of years ago, for example video conferencing, interactive video on demand, internet broadcasting of conferences and training programmes and the real-time transfer of vast amounts of information.

Companies around the world are competing to be the first to market products such as digital mobile phones and network components that support the full range of Internet services into compact integrated circuit chip sets. Specialised terminal equipment will become available for new and innovative applications, including telepresence and shared virtual-reality worlds, with almost all existing communication network equipment being improved or replaced with exciting new technologies. 

Communication has be acknowledged as a vital ingredient for technology growing in leaps and bounds. Electronics and Communication Engineers are much in demand, as a nation’s hopes of development rests on their shoulders.

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